Dog shock is an acute circulatory insufficiency syndrome. Common causes of dogs include bleeding, dehydration, trauma, and other reduced blood volume.
The clinical manifestations of shock in dogs are: cold limbs, pale or purple oral mucosa, decreased blood pressure, fast and weak pulse, decreased urine volume or anuria, weak, and drowsy.
1. Causes of dog shock:
The shock in dogs is characterized by various pathogenic factors acting on the dog's body, resulting in extensive cell hypoxia damage to various important organs. Due to extensive cell damage, dogs lose their functions and the body dies.
According to the causes and properties of dog shock, it can be divided into: cardiogenic, infectious toxicity, allergic, hemorrhagic, traumatic, and other shocks.
2. Key points of diagnosis of dog shock:
a), cardiogenic shock:
1. Blood pressure drops significantly, weak and fast pulse, blood pressure drops or cannot be measured, limbs and skin are chills, bronchospasm, shortness of breath,
2. Renal damage: Due to the decrease in glomerular blood flow, urine volume is significantly reduced. When acute renal failure occurs, it manifests as anuria.
3. Cerebral hypoxia occurs: the sick dog is irritable and restless, as the shock increases, his expression is indifferent, drowsy, and even becomes coma.
b), Infectious toxic shock:
1. The affected dog is characterized by severe infection, chills, fever, and body temperature can reach above 41 degrees Celsius.
2. Most of the dogs suffer from increased leukocytes and decreased blood pressure;
c), allergic shock:
1. It is mainly based on the history of medication, contact allergies, and combined with clinical characteristics. Diagnosis is common in the use of penicillosol, streptomycin, Pioneer's Medica, gentamicin, etc., which causes allergies, which can cause shock in dogs. (The incidence of small ornamental dogs is higher)
2. Respiratory symptoms caused by laryngeal or tracheal edema and spasm: sudden dyspnea, shortness of breath, suffocation, arrhythmia, thin and weak pulse, and decreased blood pressure;
3. Neurological symptoms: The sick dog has a light or restless expression, a limp whole body, or may experience convulsions, incontinence, and coma.
4. Skin allergic reaction: A rash can be seen in small white-skinned dogs.
d), Hemorrhagic shock:
1. The sick dog shows mental atrophy, indifferent expression, pale visual mucosa, accelerated heartbeat, and rapid breathing;
2. If trauma is bleeding, a large amount of blood can be seen.
3. Visceral bleeding can draw blood in the chest cavity or abdominal cavity, the chest or abdominal circumference will increase, and blood pressure will drop rapidly.
e), Traumatic shock:
1. At first, the sick dog is irritable and restless, the visual mucosa is pale, the ends of the limbs and the tips of the ears are cold, the urination is reduced, and the heartbeat is faster.
2. Then he is depressed and slow to react.
3. The skin temperature decreases, the visual mucosa cyanosis, blood pressure drops, heart rate increases, shortness of breath, and finally the sick dog becomes coma, has unclear consciousness, and his blood pressure drops sharply, and is in a state of dying.
III. Prevention and treatment measures for dog shock:
a), Cardiac shock:
1. Let the dog lie quietly, the fever actively control the combined infection and use physical cooling.
2. To relieve pain, you can use morphine hydrochloride, and be injected subcutaneously at 0.11-2.2 mg, kilogram of body weight.
3. For those who vomit, use atropine sulfate, 0.015 mg/kg, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection or gastric reamide 10 mg/time, and intramuscular injection.
4. Correct acid-base balance imbalance, pay special attention to correcting metabolic acidosis. 10% sodium bicarbonate can be used quickly and intravenously inject 30-50 ml each time.
5. For oxygen rehydration, isotonic sugar saline and 10% low-molecular dextrosaccharide anhydride can be used intravenously.
6. Use epinephrine drug and dilute intravenous infusion at 1:250 to maintain the heart rate at 80-140 times/min.
b), Infectious toxic shock: If a dog is infected with toxic shock, in addition to following the basic principles of shock first aid, the following measures must be taken:
1. Clear the primary infected lesions and kill pathogenic bacteria: Antibiotics should be selected based on clinical experience or drug sensitivity results. The dose should be large. The first dose can be doubled, and the intravenous injection should be given every 4 to 6 hours as much as possible. When using antibiotics, two or more types are generally used in combination.
2. Supplement effective circulating blood volume: choose normal saline and Ringer's solution to supplement in a timely manner. Dogs with an infusion volume of about 30 kg will have 500 to 1000 ml each time.
3. Prevent microcirculation stasis: Use low-molecular dextrocarcinogen anhydride and intravenously at a dose of 20 ml/kg body weight. In addition, vasoactive drugs should be used.
4. Correct acidosis: 5% sodium bicarbonate or 5% sodium carbonate can be used. Usually 20-50 ml each time, intravenously.
5. Enhance myocardial contraction force and increase cardiac output.
6. Treatment of complications: For those with dyspnea, they should be given oxygen in a timely manner, or tracheal intubation and oxygen infusion. For acute renal failure, use dextrocarboxylic anhydride, mannitol, furure, etc. in time. For diffuse intravascular coagulation, dilute 10 mg of heparin sodium, dilute it with 100 ml of normal saline or 5% glucose and intravenous injection. Gastrointestinal bleeding, blood transfusion is given.
c), Allergic shock:
1. Stop use immediately or remove the substance causing allergic reactions.
2. Make the dog lie on his back and keep warm.
3. Immediately intravenously, 1:1000 adrenal cords 0.5-1.0 ml. If the heartbeat suddenly stops, 1 ml of adrenaline is injected into the heart at 1:1000 per week and chest compressions are performed. If the adrenal cord is ineffective for the first injection, you can repeat the injection once.
4. Keep breathing unobstructed and inhaled oxygen. If necessary, intubation of the trachea for artificial respiration.
5. For intravenous hormone drugs, hydrocortisone can be used, at 1 to 2 ml/kg body weight. Intramuscular or intramuscular injection, once a day.
6. Use anti-allergic drugs: diphenhydramine hydrochloride, which can be injected intravenously at 1.1-2.2 mg/kg body weight.
7. Supplementary blood volume: 5% glucose normal saline intravenous infusion, low molecular weight dextromethic anhydride can also be used. The speed should be slow to avoid causing pulmonary edema, usually 20-30 drops per minute.
8. Streptomycin allergic: 10~20 ml of 10% calcium gluconate should be added, and the injection is slow and the medication will be given again after half an hour. Calcium agents have desensitization and streptomycin toxicity and detoxification effects.
d), Hemorrhagic Shock: The fundamental measure for hemorrhagic Shock treatment in
dogs is: stop bleeding and replenish blood volume as soon as possible.
1. Hemostasis: Hemostasis for damaging bleeding on the body surface and hemostasis for internal bleeding. Hemostatic drugs can be used regardless of body surface or internal bleeding, such as: Anluo blood, Xianhecaocao, Panax notoginseng, Baiyao, etc. However, the drug's hemostatic effect is uncertain and can only play an auxiliary role. ,
2. Supplementary blood volume: Intravenously inject dextrocarboxylic anhydride, use 300-1000 ml of compound sodium chloride, or 300-1000 ml of 5% glucose sodium chloride solution at a time, and the rate of infusion is proportional to the degree of blood loss.
3. Blood transfusion: For severe blood loss, blood transfusion should be the main focus, supplemented with other fluids as supplementation, and the blood transfusion volume and speed should be adjusted according to changes in clinical manifestations.
e), Traumatic shock:
1. Administer analgesics: morphine hydrochloride can be used, injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.11~2.2 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.11~2.2 mg/kg, piperidine hydrochloride (Duerine hydrochloride), and injected subcutaneously at a dose of 5~10 mg/kg.
2. Treat dog trauma in a timely manner: stop bleeding, fix (if there is a fracture, fix it in time), debride (clean the wound to prevent infection), and bandage.
3. Prevent and correct acidosis: 30-100 ml of 5% sodium bicarbonate, intravenous injection.
4. Rehydration: Dextrocarboxylic anhydride can be used, and infusion treatment can be treated with reference to first aid measures for hemorrhagic shock.
5. Blood transfusion. According to the blood loss in the dog, the blood transfusion measures of hemorrhagic shock were treated.
6. If blood transfusion and plasma cannot be immediately performed, or the blood volume has been basically supplemented but the blood pressure cannot remain normal, you can consider using vasoconstrictor and isoproterenol.
7. A large amount of antibiotics were given early. Pioneer cerin, ampicillin, etc. can be diluted and then intravenous infusion.
8. Those who need surgery should take surgical measures for the dog as soon as possible.